CONCATENATE function

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Joins several text items into one text item

Syntax: CONCATENATE(text1, [text2], …)

For example:

=CONCATENATE(“Stream population for “, A2, ” “, A3, ” is “, A4, “/mile.”)
=CONCATENATE(B2, ” “,C2)

Argument name	Description
text1 (required)	The first item to join. The item can be a text value, number, or cell reference.
Text2, … (optional)	Additional text items to join. You can have up to 255 items, up to a total of 8,192 characters.

Examples

To use these examples in Excel, copy the data in the table below, and paste it in cell A1 of a new worksheet.

Data
brook trout	Andreas	Hauser
species	Fourth	Pine
32
Formula	Description
=CONCATENATE(“Stream population for “, A2, ” “, A3, ” is “, A4, “/mile.”)	Creates a sentence by joining the data in column A with other text. The result is Stream population for brook trout species is 32/mile.
=CONCATENATE(B2, ” “, C2)	Joins three things: the string in cell B2, a space character, and the value in cell C2. The result is Andreas Hauser.
=CONCATENATE(C2, “, “, B2)	Joins three things: the string in cell C2, a string with a comma and a space character, and the value in cell B2. The result is Andreas, Hauser.
=CONCATENATE(B3, ” & “, C3)	Joins three things: the string in cell B3, a string consisting of a space with ampersand and another space, and the value in cell C3. The result is Fourth & Pine.
=B3 & ” & ” & C3	Joins the same items as the previous example, but by using the ampersand (&) calculation operator instead of the CONCATENATE function. The result is Fourth & Pine.

Common Problems

Problem	Description
Quotation marks appear in result string.	Use commas to separate adjoining text items. For example: Excel will display =CONCATENATE(“Hello “”World”) as Hello”World with an extra quote mark because a comma between the text arguments was omitted. Numbers don’t need to have quotation marks.
Words are jumbled together.	Without designated spaces between separate text entries, the text entries will run together. Add extra spaces as part of the CONCATENATE formula. There are two ways to do this: Add double quotation marks with a space between them ” “. For example: =CONCATENATE(“Hello”, ” “, “World!”). Add a space after the *Text* argument. For example: =CONCATENATE(“Hello “, “World!”). The string “Hello ” has an extra space added.
The #NAME? error appears instead of the expected result.	#NAME? usually means there are quotation marks missing from a *Text* argument.

Best practices

Do this	Description
Use the ampersand & character instead of the CONCATENATE function.	The ampersand (&) calculation operator lets you join text items without having to use a function. For example,=A1 & B1 returns the same value as=CONCATENATE(A1,B1). In many cases, using the ampersand operator is quicker and simpler than using CONCATENATE to create strings.
Use the TEXT function to combine and format strings.	The TEXT function converts a numeric value to text and combines numbers with text or symbols. For example, if cell A1 contains the number 23.5, you can use the following formula to format the number as a dollar amount: =TEXT(A1,”$0.00″) Result: $23.50

Do this

Description

Use the ampersand & character instead of the CONCATENATE function.

The ampersand (&) calculation operator lets you join text items without having to use a function.

For example,=A1 & B1 returns the same value as=CONCATENATE(A1,B1). In many cases, using the ampersand operator is quicker and simpler than using CONCATENATE to create strings.

Use the TEXT function to combine and format strings.

The TEXT function converts a numeric value to text and combines numbers with text or symbols.

For example, if cell A1 contains the number 23.5, you can use the following formula to format the number as a dollar amount:

=TEXT(A1,”$0.00″)

Result: $23.50